SS-31 (Elamipretide)
A cell-permeable tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2) that concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane, studied for its ability to stabilize cardiolipin and optimize electron transport chain function.
Pricing
Mechanism of Action
SS-31 is a cell-permeable peptide that rapidly crosses membranes without requiring active transport or mitochondrial membrane potential. Once inside mitochondria, it binds selectively to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between its alternating aromatic-cationic motif and cardiolipin's anionic headgroups. This binding stabilizes cardiolipin microdomains, prevents pathological cardiolipin peroxidation, maintains cytochrome c in its native electron carrier conformation, and optimizes electron transfer through complexes III and IV of the respiratory chain.