SS-31 (Elamipretide) — Mitochondria-Targeted Cardiolipin Peptide

SS-31 is a cell-permeable peptide that rapidly crosses membranes without requiring active transport or mitochondrial membrane potential. Once inside mitochondria, it binds selectively to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between its alternating aromatic-cationic motif and cardiolipin's anionic headgroups. This binding stabilizes cardiolipin microdomains, prevents pathological cardiolipin peroxidation, maintains cytochrome c in its native electron carrier conformation, and optimizes electron transfer through complexes III and IV of the respiratory chain.

SS-31, also known as Elamipretide and formerly designated Bendavia, is a synthetic tetrapeptide with the sequence D-Arg-2',6'-dimethyltyrosine-Lys-Phe-NH2. It belongs to the Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptide family, developed by Dr. Hazel Szeto and Dr. Peter Bhatt at Weill Cornell Medical College. SS-31 is one of the most extensively researched mitochondria-targeted compounds in peptide science, with studies spanning heart failure, renal disease, skeletal muscle dysfunction, and age-related mitochondrial decline. Unlike most mitochondria-targeted molecules that rely on charge-driven accumulation in the matrix, SS-31 selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) where it binds to cardiolipin, a phospholipid unique to mitochondria that plays a critical structural role in cristae organization and electron transport chain supercomplex assembly. By stabilizing cardiolipin-cytochrome c interactions, SS-31 prevents cytochrome c from converting into a peroxidase, thereby preserving its electron carrier function and reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at the source. Preclinical and in-vitro research has studied SS-31 for its effects on mitochondrial bioenergetics in aged tissue models, ATP synthesis, oxidative-damage pathways, and mitochondrial dysfunction associated with ischemia-reperfusion in cell and animal models. Preclinical research models have examined elamipretide in the context of mitochondrial myopathy, cardiolipin-related disorders, reduced cardiac bioenergetics, and retinal mitochondrial dysfunction. PharmaOrder supplies SS-31 for mitochondrial research. COA available. For research use only. Not intended for human consumption.

SS-31 (Elamipretide) is listed as 10mg lyophilized vial; 50mg lyophilized vial. Catalog identity: CAS 736992-21-5; formula C32H49N7O5; molecular weight 615.78 g/mol. The lot COA for SS-31 (Elamipretide) is available in your account. Finnrick Analytical performs HPLC purity analysis and mass spectrometry identity confirmation on that lot.

• Catalog configurations: 10mg lyophilized vial, 50mg lyophilized vial
• CAS: 736992-21-5
• Formula: C32H49N7O5
• Molecular weight: 615.78 g/mol

See the SS-31 (Elamipretide) COA page.

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